8:09 PM The Man Made Fibers | |
Cellulosic FibersThe three types of manmade cellulosic fibers------Rayon,Acelate and Triaccetate----- are derived either from the cellulose of the cell walls of short cotton fibers (called linters) or,more frequently.from pine wood.Pure cellulose appears as a formless white substance that is converted by chemical treatment and produced into fiber form.Paper,for instance,is almost pure cellolose. Rayon There are two principal varities of rayon now commercially produced:voscose and high wet-modulus.These,in turn,are produced in a number of types to provide certain specific properties.Thus,these rayons have been made to simulate natural fibers as well as to provide characterstics of their own.Accordingly,rayon is used for a wide variety of consumer and industrial products. Rayon producers sell their fibers under their various trademarks.There are a large number of viscose rayon trademarks and two high wet modulus rayon trademarks: Avril,of which there are three types, and Zantrel. Acetate This fiber consists of a cellulose compound identified as an acetylated cellulose----- a cellulose salt.As a result,acetate possesses different qualities from the rayons,A variety of types are produced under different trademarks according to the objectives of the manufacturers. Acetate fiber is thermoplastic;that is, it can be formed into a desired shape by the application of pressure with heat.Fabrics made of acetate yarn are rather shape-retentive.They are used primarily for apparel. Triacetate. This fiber cinsists of an acetylated cellulose that retains acetic groupings when it is being produced as triacetate cellulose.It is sold under the manufacturer's trademark of Arnel. Triacetate has certain properties that are different from acetate fiber.It is a thermoplastic fiber that is more resilicut than other cellulosic fibers.Fabrics made of triacetate yarn have good shape retentive properties.They are used primarily for apparel. Noncellulosic Polymer FibersThis group of fibers is distinguished by being synthesized or created from various elements into large molecules which are called linear polymers because they are connected are arranged in parallel lines or rows in the fiber,similar to the way fibers are arranged in yarn.This arrangement of molecules is called molecular orientation.The properties of such fibers are dependent upon their chemical compositions and kinds of molecular orientation.Then are several distinct varities of synthetic long-chain polymers.The fiber definitions that follow were set foth by the FTC in accordance with the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act.Nylon. Nylon is a manufactured fiber which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymide in which less than 85 percent of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings.The elements carbon,oxygen njtrogen, and hydrogen are combined by chemical processes into compounds which react to form long-chain molecules,known chemically as polymides,and are formed into fibers.There are several forms of nylon;each depends upon the particular chemical synthesis.They are nylon 4;6;6.6;6.10;6.12;8;10; and 11.There are different types under various trademarks within each of these forms of nylon. Nylon is thermoplastic,resilient,elastic,and very strong.It is used for a wide variety of apparel,home furnishings,and industrial products. | |
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